You did everything perfectly, I forgot a tiny detail...
What's happening is that the code is running before the 'plugin' code from flodesk is ready.
To fix that, simply change
window.fd('form', {
formId: '60168c8ed6dae5ba1ba28376',
containerEl: '#fd-form-60168c8ed6dae5ba1ba28376'
});
to
window.addEventListener('load', function(){
// Everything has loaded!
window.fd('form', {
formId: '60168c8ed6dae5ba1ba28376',
containerEl: '#fd-form-60168c8ed6dae5ba1ba28376'
});
}